7UP
The Big Book of
7777777
7 7
7 u u pppp
7 u u p p
7 uuuu pppp
7 p
7 p
--------------------
Version 2.09
10.11.91
Contents Page
0. Product description 3 1. System requirements 4 1.1. Installation 4 1.2. Running under GEMINI* 5 1.3. Running under MultiGEM* 5 2. The dropdown menus 5 2.1. Saving settings 13 3. The keyboard 13 3.1. The function keys 15 3.2. The Shift key 15 4. Block operations 16 4.1. Column layout 16 4.2. Numeric operations 16 5. Search and replace 17 6. The print menus 21 7. The desktop icons 23 8. The GEM windows 24 8.1. The dialog boxes 24 9. The clipboard 24 10. Technical details 25 11. The Turbo-C Help accessory 29 12. Tips and tricks 30 13. Four words 30 14. Thanks 30
0. Product description
7UP is a GEM* text editor for the Atari ST. 7UP takes advantage of this interface, with dropdown menus, GEM windows, dialog boxes and desktop icons. For running under MultiGEM, 7UP can also be operated without desktop icons. See chapters 1.3 and 2.1. 7UP can be operated with the mouse as well as with keyboard commands, and was developed, as far as possible, according to the programming guidelines. 7UP does not use any exotic, hard-to-get-used-to features, so that everyone can get to grips with it straight away. One of 7UP's strengths is its high speed and its ability to process columns. This means, for example, that number tables can be comfortably edited and calculated (!), which is not normally possible with other editors (see chapter 4). 7UP also has powerful functions for searching for text passages, GREP and MATCH, programmable function keys, loadable GDOS fonts, a text preview function and convenient printing options. Using the shell function, you can communicate with the operating system. With 7UP, up to 7 texts, with up to 512 characters per line, can be edited "simultaneously" (hence the name 7UP).
7UP is a shareware program. You are therefore asked to pay the author a suitable amount if you like 7UP and want to keep using it regularly. If you don't want to use a pirated copy and are interested in 7UP's continued development, please take this opportunity and invest that amount, so that affordable software remains available in future. Otherwise, further use of 7UP is prohibited, as that would amount to piracy.
The cost of version 2.00 of 7UP is as follows:
Atari ST/STE/TT : 50.- DM
Shareware is not free!
7UP is available by sending a 3.5" floppy disk formatted to 720kB and a stamped, addressed return envelope to the following address:
Address:
Michael Thänitz Osningstr. 69 4800 Bielefeld 1 Deutschland (Germany)
Account number:
SSK Bielefeld BLZ 480 501 61 KNR 64573009
E-mail:
Maus-Netz Michael Thaenitz @ BI
Quark Bielefeld
Username: MICHAEL THÄNITZ Tel. 0521/24222 (PEP)
If you have questions about 7UP, please always mention the version number. You'll find it at the start of this manual or in the copyright menu.
Please don't forget to note your address on the transfer form, so that you can be registered as a user. Your data is of course subject to data protection and will not be passed on to third parties.
Passing 7UP on is expressly encouraged, but only in complete, unmodified form. The disk, or the archive, must contain the following files:
7UP.APP 7UP main program 7UP.RSC Resource file for 7UP 7UPICN.RSC Icon file for GEMINI* NEWICONS.RSC Icon file for GEMINI*, by René T. Fritz 7UP.DOC User manual (what you're reading right now) LINKS.LAY Layout for the left-hand page of this manual (12 cpi) RECHTS.LAY Layout for the right-hand page of this manual (12 cpi) TAXPATCH.TTP Patch program for VAT TAXPATCH.DOC User manual for TAXPATCH CALCLOCK.ACC Print spooler compatible with PC-GEM/3 CALCLOCK CALCLOCK.INF INF file for it CALCLOCK.DOC User manual for CALCLOCK SPOOL.TTP MUPFEL command for the GEMINI* desktop SPOOL.C Source of SPOOL.TTP SPOOL.MAN Online manual for MUPFEL CHANGES.TXT What's new
Uploading to bulletin boards is expressly encouraged. Please recommend 7UP if you like it. If not, well, never mind...
It is expressly forbidden to distribute 7UP for payment through PD mail-order services. In general, no third party may charge any kind of fee for 7UP. Violations may be prosecuted.
7UP has been developed and tested to the best of our knowledge. Nevertheless, errors may occur. The author accepts no liability whatsoever for damages of any kind, direct or indirect, arising from the use of 7UP. Nor can it be guaranteed that 7UP is fit for any particular purpose.
If you find a bug, please remove, if possible, all AUTO folder programs and desk accessories. If the bug still reproduces after that, please let me know. The fastest way to do that is by e-mail. Suggestions for improvement are just as welcome.
1. System requirements
Running 7UP requires an Atari ST computer with a floppy drive, TOS in ROM, and at least 512kB of RAM. Any further upgrade, such as a hard drive or more RAM, increases comfort. 7UP should also run without problems on the Mega STE and TT. Large screens with colour display are supported as well. There may be problems with large dialog boxes at low screen resolution (320x200).
1.1 Installation
Copy the files from the disk into a directory of your choice. Copy the CALCLOCK.ACC and CALCLOCK.INF accessory into the root directory of your hard drive's boot partition. If you only have a floppy drive, copy the ACC onto your boot disk. For the keyboard settings via the control panel, the following values are recommended: delay 200ms, repeat rate 20ms.
1.2. Running under GEMINI*
If you use the GEMINI* desktop, an icon for 7UP is available to you in the file 7UPICN.RSC. For how to add the icon in GEMINI*, please see the GEMINI* manual. Copy SPOOL.TTP into the directory \GDIST1_2\BIN\, and SPOOL.MAN into the directory \GDIST1_2\MAN\ (only for GEMINI* version 1.2 and above).
1.3. Running under MultiGEM*
As already mentioned, a new TOS version is apparently on the way that, similar to PAM-MultiGEM, allows a kind of multitasking. Multitasking means:
1. Starting several applications. They then run essentially in
parallel.
2. Switching from one program to another with a mouse click into the
window. The menu bar switches automatically.
3. The desktop background remains operable in the background, so that
communication with the operating system, e.g. copying files, is still possible.
Requirements:
1. GEM programs should either have no desktop of their own, or it
should be possible to switch it off.
2. Clean programming and proper GEM integration of the program.
Switching the desktop off: Under "Save settings" you can choose whether the desktop should be logged off or not. See chapter 2.1. 2. The dropdown menus
This description of 7UP assumes that the user is familiar with the general behaviour and operation of GEM programs. The terms mouse, dropdown menus, windows, dialog boxes and icons, and how to use them, should already be familiar. 7UP has seven dropdown menus containing all the commands for controlling the program. The menus look like this:
7UP File Edit Search Calculate Mode Window Options --------------------
| About 7UP... Alt+A |
--------------------
-----------------------
| New ^N |
| Open... ^O |
| Load additional... ^R |
| Information... ^I |
|-----------------------|
| Close ^U |
| Save ^S |
| Save as... ^M |
| Revert ^D |
|-----------------------|
| Run shell... ^Z |
|-----------------------|
| Page layout... Alt+L |
| Print... ^P |
|-----------------------|
| Quit ^Q |
-----------------------
---------------------
| Undo Undo |
|---------------------|
| Select all ^A |
|---------------------|
| Cut ^X |
| Copy ^C |
| Paste ^V |
|---------------------|
| Shift left ^K |
| Shift right ^J |
|---------------------|
| Swap case |
| All uppercase |
| All lowercase |
| Capitalise |
|---------------------|
| GEM clipboard Alt+G |
---------------------
----------------------
| Search/Replace... ^F |
| Search again ^G |
|----------------------|
| To block start ^B |
| To block end ^E |
|----------------------|
| Set marker... |
| Go to marker... |
|----------------------|
| Go to line... ^L |
----------------------
----------------------
| Column block Alt+C |
|----------------------|
| Count Alt+N |
| Sum Alt+S |
| Average Alt+M |
| Std. deviation Alt+D |
| VAT Alt+W |
|----------------------|
| Calculate all |
----------------------
--------------------
| Tab stop... Alt+T |
| Line wrap... Alt+U |
| Justify Alt+B |
| Insert mode Ins |
| Auto indent Alt+I |
--------------------
-----------------
| Next window ^W |
|-----------------|
| ...stacked |
| ...side by side |
| ...staggered |
-----------------
-------------------------
| Font selection... Alt+F |
| Character set... Alt+Z |
|-------------------------|
| Auto backup |
| Function keys... |
| Text preview... Alt+V |
|-------------------------|
| Save settings... |
-------------------------
NOTE: Some menu entries are followed by letter combinations. These are so-called keyboard shortcuts. See chapter 3.
Menu: 7UP This is where the desk accessories are, which are of course always freely accessible.
Menu item: About 7UP... Alt+A Here you'll find the copyright notice as well as the version number. If you have questions about 7UP, please always mention the version number. Under "Info" there is once again some brief information about 7UP.
Menu: File Under this menu you'll find all the commands for loading, saving and printing texts, as well as for quitting the program.
Menu item: New ^N To enter a new text, choose this menu item. A window and an icon named "NAMELESS.TXT" are created. When you later want to save this new text, the FSB (file select box) will prompt you to give the file its final name.
Menu item: Open... ^O Lets you load an existing text file from disk. A new desktop icon is also created. Use the FSB to choose the text file you want to load. If you hold down the Shift key while loading, the Atari 'ß' is converted into an IBM*-compatible 'ß'. This gives you fewer problems when printing that character. The same applies to "Load additional...", as well as to "Paste" in the Edit menu. See also chapter 3.2.
Menu item: Load additional... ^R Inserts a file, chosen with the file select box, at the current cursor position.
Menu item: Information... ^I Shows information about the file, or the marked block, in the topmost window. The following information is displayed:
1. File name (editable) 2. File size 3. Number of lines 4. Number of pages (depends on the page layout) 5. Number of loaded files 6. Free memory
If you select one or more icons, you get corresponding information about the icon. The relevant icon will first flash briefly.
Menu item: Close ^U Closes the topmost window along with its associated icon. If the file has been changed, you still get the chance to save it first. So the text normally can't be lost.
Menu item: Save ^S Saves the file under the window's name. Trailing spaces at the end of lines are automatically removed. If you hold down the Shift key while doing this, the text is appended to the file instead! The text can be compressed using tabs (see "Tab stop..."). Saving only happens if changes have been made to the text since the last save. The Shift key's function is explained in chapter 3.2.
Menu item: Save as... ^M Before saving, gives you the chance to give the file a new name via the file select box. The new name is then used as the window's name. If the file already exists, a warning message is shown. If a block is marked, only the block is saved under the new name. If you hold down the Shift key during this action, the file (or block) is appended to any file that may already exist! Here too a corresponding message appears. See chapter 3.2.
Menu item: Revert ^D The text is reloaded, i.e. it is removed from memory and loaded again from disk. You still have the chance to save any changes first. This function is useful if you want to discard changes. If no changes have been made, nothing happens at all.
Menu item: Run shell... ^Z If you start 7UP from a desktop shell that supports the shell pointer, you can issue commands to the operating system from here, e.g. GEMINI*. If no shell pointer is supported, e.g. the original Atari desktop, a corresponding error message is shown. You can read up on this again in the help box. With the "Run program" button you can call an external program directly via the file select box (FSB). Whatever is in the command line is used as the parameter, or whatever you choose with the FSB under the heading "Pass parameter". If you don't need any parameters, clear the command line with ESC, or click Cancel at "Pass parameter".
Menu item: Page layout... Alt+L Menu item: Print... ^P Page design and printer settings. When printing a marked block, no dialog box appears, incidentally, because no layout settings are needed in that case. Holding down the Shift key at the same time also sends a form feed afterwards. See chapters 6, 3.2 and 12.
Menu item: Quit ^Q Quits the program. Changed files can still be saved. If you hold down the Shift key while quitting, the last settings are saved. See chapters 2.1 and 3.2.
Menu: Edit Under this menu you'll find all the commands for editing text blocks.
Menu item: Undo Undo The following operations can be undone with Undo:
1. Opening a file 2. Cutting a block (only with the clipboard) 3. Deleting a line " 4. Deleting to end of line " 5. Deleting a word (double-click) " 6. Editing a line
Undo doesn't work if the menu entry is greyed out (DISABLED). You can also reach this menu item via the Undo key. See chapter 3.
Menu item: Select all ^A Marks the whole text, or, if no window is open, all icons, provided 7UP is installed with the desktop. The latter is useful if you want to move all icons at once. See chapter 1.3.
Menu item: Cut ^X Cuts out the marked block, removing it from the text. The block isn't lost though, it stays in the background. See also chapter 4.
Menu item: Copy ^C Copies the marked block to the background. It can then be pasted in anywhere. The selection is cleared.
Menu item: Paste ^V Pastes the cut or copied block at the current cursor position. The paste action can be repeated multiple times. You can of course also paste the blocks into another window.
Menu item: Shift left ^K Menu item: Shift right ^J Shifts a marked block one tab stop left or right respectively. The selection is not cleared. The action can be repeated multiple times. If the column block mode is active, you can also shift text columns.
Menu item: Swap case Menu item: All uppercase Menu item: All lowercase Menu item: Capitalise Character conversion within the marked block. Capitalise means converting the first letter of a word into a capital letter. Words are actually searched for here too, not just text separated by spaces.
Menu item: GEM clipboard Alt+G All block operations go via the GEM clipboard. This option is on by default. See also chapter 9.
Menu: Search Under this menu you'll find all the commands for searching and replacing.
Menu item: Search/Replace... ^F Here you can search for character strings in your text and replace them with others. The search terms and the button settings can be saved. See chapter 5.
Menu item: Search again ^G Lets you repeat a search or replace, if the "all" button wasn't selected when replacing, since in that case of course all matching text passages were already reached during the replace. See chapter 5.
Menu item: To block start Menu item: To block end If a block is marked, this jumps to the start or end of the block respectively. The cursor is always positioned on the first line.
Menu item: Set marker Internally marks the text position where the cursor currently is. Up to five markers can be set.
Menu item: Go to marker Jumps to the position last marked with a marker. Up to five set markers can be jumped to.
Menu item: Go to line... ^L Shows the current line number and, as you change the number, positions the cursor on the new line. The cursor then sits on the corresponding line.
Menu: Calculate With the help of these functions, simple calculations can be carried out.
Menu item: Column block Alt+C Switches between normal block marking and column block marking. Column blocks are, for example, columns of numbers stacked one below another, which can then be conveniently copied elsewhere. This isn't possible with normal block marking. This option is off by default. See also chapter 4.
Menu item: Count Alt+N
Sum Alt+S
Average Alt+M
Std. deviation Alt+D
VAT Alt+W
Calculate all
Numeric operations on column blocks. To use these functions, the column block mode must be active. See chapter 4.2. The VAT rate is currently 14.00%. If you need to change it, please use the enclosed program TAXPATCH.TTP. Even if you don't want to change anything, you'll probably have to anyway, if the government insists. :-)
Menu: Mode Here you'll find settings that affect how the editor works.
Menu item: Tab stop... Alt+T Lets you set the tab width, separately for each window. The tab width is shown in the window's info line. Via the "compress" button you tell 7UP whether the text should be compressed using tabs when saving, or not. Pressing the Tab key moves the cursor to the next tab stop. Backtab (Shift Tab) moves back one tab position.
Menu item: Line wrap... Alt+U So that you can type text continuously without having to keep pressing Return at the end of each line, automatic line wrapping from the desired column can be set here. You then no longer need to worry about line length. Just type your text without pressing RETURN. The formatting happens automatically. This option is off by default.
Menu item: Justify Alt+B This is an extension of line wrap. A wrapped line is automatically stretched out. Looking at several lines together, this gives you text aligned flush on both the left and right. However, 7UP doesn't ruthlessly tear apart lines with long words; instead it inserts at most two spaces between individual words. So it can happen that full justification isn't always achieved one hundred percent. This option is off by default.
Menu item: Insert mode Ins Switches between insert and overwrite mode. You can also reach this option via the Insert key. This option is on by default. See chapter 3.
Menu item: Auto indent Alt+I Makes it so that, when you press the RETURN key, the cursor is positioned under the first letter of the previous line. This option is intended for programmers. It is on by default.
Menu: Window Menu item: Next window ^W Lets you switch between several windows. Alternatively:
1. Double-click the icon corresponding to the window 2. Select the icon and use the "Open..." menu item 3. Press the '^W' shortcut
Menu item: ...stacked Menu item: ...side by side Menu item: ...staggered Arranges several open windows accordingly.
Menu: Options Here you'll find a range of further settings, mainly there for convenience.
Menu item: Font selection... Alt+F The font selection box shows the following:
1. Font name (non-proportional fonts only) 2. Point size of the selected font 3. Text colour 4. Background colour 5. Sample layout in a small window
To use GDOS fonts, (AMC)GDOS must be booted in the AUTO folder. See chapter 10.3.
The choice of non-proportional character sets happens automatically. Operation is similar to the file select box. Up to 16 fonts can be loaded, each with up to 16 different point sizes. That should be enough in practice. At present, no more fonts are available anyway. Make sure that both the font type and the point size are selected when you click OK, otherwise no new font is set. Note that some fonts have name suffixes. You can make them visible with the horizontal scroll bar. If the installed operating system allows it, you can also set other intermediate sizes in the editable FSM field. 7UP supports 16 colours for the colour display of text windows. So you can assign different colours to the text and to the background. You reach the colour switching by adjusting the small scroll arrows next to the colour box. Here 'F' stands for font colour and 'H' for background colour. The "Default" button resets the colours back to black/white. The colour setting is saved, if you wish. The help box gives you information once again about installing GDOS. See also chapters 2.1 and 10.
Menu item: Character set... Alt+Z Brings up a dialog box with the complete character set. Here you can click the character you want, one that isn't reachable via the keyboard, to insert it at the current cursor position. The font shown is always the one set in the font selection box. The following characters are not reachable:
1. Null byte ($00) 2. Line feed ($0A) 3. Carriage return ($0D)
As an alternative, as under MS-DOS, you have the option of entering the key code with the help of the Alternate key. Hold down the Alternate key and enter the decimal value of the desired character at the same time. You can look up the decimal value in an ASCII table.
Menu item: Auto backup Alt+B Creates a backup file with the extension 'BAK' whenever you save a file. The old file is thus kept as a separate backup, with the option of restoring the old state. This option is on by default.
Menu item: Function keys... Assigns the function keys with text snippets, which are then inserted into the text. The texts can be saved. If the key you pressed has no snippet assigned, the dialog box for the function keys appears, and you can enter new snippets. If you have a word marked, it gets assigned to the function key, but only if the key isn't already assigned. Automatic assignment happens by pressing the function key. The help box shows the variables as a reminder. See also chapter 3.1.
Menu item: Text preview... Alt+V The text is displayed page by page in small windows according to the "Page layout". Here you can already see beforehand what will later appear on paper when printed. Any form feeds scattered through the text are interpreted correctly if they are at the START OF A LINE and are the ONLY CHARACTER on that line! Otherwise the layout gets messed up. You can interrupt the output by pressing the left mouse button. If you want to view an already-formatted file with text preview, you should set the top and bottom margin, as well as the header and footer, to zero in "Page layout", so that they aren't evaluated a second time. If a block is marked, only the marked area is shown.
Menu item: Save settings... See chapter 2.1.
2.1. Saving settings
There are two ways to save your settings.
1. Using the "Save settings" menu item 2. Holding down the Shift key while quitting the program
The following settings are saved:
1. current window position 2. icon position 3. tab stops (for each window) 4. state of the menu checkmarks 5. settings in the dialog boxes 6. font and colour 7. the names of the most recently edited files (only when quitting...) 8. cursor position in the text
If you want to log the desktop off for running under MultiGEM, you must answer "YES" to the question "Log off desktop?".
3. The keyboard
You will surely have already noticed that, behind the commands in the dropdown menus, there are also characters such as ^X or Alt+B. These are the so-called keyboard shortcuts for the corresponding commands. ^X means pressing and holding down the CONTROL key together with the letter 'x'. It doesn't matter whether it's 'x' or 'X'. The notation 'Alt+' stands for the ALTERNATE key; it works the same way as CONTROL. If you use this key combination, it's equivalent to a mouse click on the corresponding menu entry. So you can reach most menu entries via the keyboard as well.
CAPS LOCK
switches to CAPITAL LETTERS. The status is shown by 'CAPS' in the window's info line.
INSERT
switches between insert and overwrite mode.
CONTROL-CURSOR (left or right)
moves the cursor from one word to another. Not just spaces act as separators here, but special characters too.
BACKSPACE
deletes the character to the left of the cursor and pulls the rest of the line after it.
DELETE
deletes the character to the right of the cursor and pulls the rest of the line after it.
SHIFT-DELETE
deletes the word under the cursor.
ALT-DELETE
deletes from the cursor position to the end of the line.
CONTROL-Y
deletes the line the cursor is on. If the clipboard is switched on, the line is stored there.
TAB
in insert mode, inserts <tab width> spaces and shifts the line to the right. In overwrite mode, only the cursor is moved to the right.
SHIFT-TAB
moves the cursor back one tab position.
CURSOR KEYS
Position the cursor according to the arrow direction. If you also hold down the SHIFT key, the screen content is scrolled page by page. You can also position the cursor with the mouse, by pressing the left mouse button at the desired text position.
HOME
goes to the start of the text
CLR (SHIFT-HOME)
goes to the end of the text.
SHIFT-CURSOR-UP
scrolls up page by page
SHIFT-CURSOR-DOWN
scrolls down page by page
UNDO
undoes the block operations "Cut" as well as line deletion with CONTROL-Y. Provided the clipboard is switched on. A single line can likewise be restored again, provided the cursor is still on that line. For this, the clipboard does not need to be switched on.
ESC
has no function, except in dialog boxes, in the usual GEM way.
3.1. The function keys
The function keys can be assigned text snippets, which are then inserted into the text. 7UP recognises the following variables:
%h = hour %m = minute %s = second %T = day %M = month %J = year (2 digits) %W = weekday (Sunday, Monday, ...) %D = day of the year %F = full path name of the current file %f = name of the current file
Example:
Bielefeld, %T.%M.19%J at %h:%m
gives:
Bielefeld, 15.05.1991 at 12:45
After opening the "Function keys..." menu, you can assign a total of 20 different texts to the function keys. 10 for normal use and 10 in combination with the Shift key. The "with Shift" or "without Shift" button switches the assignment. You can also see this from the little shift arrows shown in front of the key label. If you now, for example, press the Shift-F3 function key, the text assigned to that key is inserted into the text. If the key is still free, the function key menu opens automatically. The help box shows the variables as a reminder. The percent sign itself is shown as %%! The entries can of course be saved if needed. See chapter 2.1.
3.2. The Shift key
The Shift key has a special meaning in many functions. Here is a list of the functions where the Shift key can be used:
Function Effect
"Open..." Changes Atari 'ß' into IBM 'ß' "Load additional..." " " " "Save" Appends the text to the existing file "Save as..." " " " " "Print..." If a block is marked, a form feed is sent at
the end of printing (single-sheet feed)
"Quit" Saves the last system settings "Cut" Appends the text to the existing clipboard file "Copy" " " " " "Paste" Changes Atari 'ß' into IBM 'ß'
Single click Block marking Double-click Marks the whole text line in the window CONTROL-Y Appends the line to the existing clipboard file
Not with RAM clipboard!
Click on icon Allows selecting multiple desktop icons Moving a dialog box Makes the dialog box become see-through Centring a dialog box Centres dialog boxes when reopened 4. Block operations
A text block can be marked in several different ways:
1. Dragging across the text with the mouse, while holding the mouse
button down. The window scrolls automatically when you cross the window boundary.
2. Positioning the cursor with the mouse, while holding down Shift. 3. Double-clicking with the mouse (marks a word).
Automatically carried over into "Search/Replace" or "Function keys...".
4. Double-clicking with the mouse, while holding down Shift (marks a
line).
Now the familiar cut, copy and paste functions can be carried out. Via "Information" you get the size of the marked block. A cut or copied block stays valid until a new block operation happens. That is, the block in the background can be pasted in again and again. If a block is marked, it's immediately replaced by whatever you type, provided the cursor is still within the block. Column block mode is not able to create new lines. So if you want to insert column blocks at the end of the text, you first need to press Return a few times.
4.1. Column layout
Sometimes you'll want to Switch on the column block write your text in multiple and mark the second column columns, as is common in as a block. Copy it to the newspapers. To do this, clipboard. Position the first write the columns one cursor next to the first below another, e.g. in 27 column and paste the block columns. back in from the clipboard.
You can of course do the same thing with three text columns as well. This procedure is quick and easy to manage using the column block.
4.2. Numeric operations
In connection with the column block, it's possible to carry out simple calculations.
Procedure:
1. Switch into column block mode 2. Mark a column of numbers 3. Use one of the Calculate menu items
The result is shown in a box and also copied to the clipboard, and can be pasted into the text with "Paste". Two decimal places are shown, since it's assumed that the calculation usually involves amounts of money.
Mathematical procedures used for the calculation methods:
1. Arithmetic mean
n
_ 1 --
x = - \ x
n / i
--
i=1
2. Standard deviation
n
1 -- _
s² = --- \ (x - x)²
n-1 / i
--
i=1
NOTE: It's possible that 7UP gives faulty results here if the marked column has gaps. E.g.:
Numbers:
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
Count: 5 Sum: 15.00 Average: 3.00 Correct result
Numbers:
1.0
2.0
<- A number is missing here!
4.0
5.0
Count: 5 <- 4 Sum: 12.00 Average: 2.40 <- 3 Wrong result
So the columns of numbers should be uninterrupted. After all, 7UP isn't a spreadsheet program. The internationally common decimal point is used to display results.
5. Search and replace
A particular strength of 7UP is searching for and replacing text passages. 7UP has powerful functions for this taken from the UNIX* world, which deserve a more detailed description.
Open the "Search/Replace..." menu. In the first two input fields you enter the string to search for, as well as the optional replacement. Which search mode is used depends on the position of the switches (round buttons). These buttons, called radio buttons, can only be selected one at a time. The other, "tickable" checkboxes can be clicked pretty much as you like in addition, unless they're locked. Locked checkboxes then appear visually fainter, "DISABLED".
If a block is marked, 7UP works out whether a search term is marked, or whether the search should happen within the block. If the block is several lines long, it's interpreted as the search range; if it's only a word or at most one line, it must be the search term instead. You can tell which, because the "in block" checkbox will already be marked when you open the menu, if that's the case.
7UP has three search modes:
5.1. The GREP function (Get Regular ExPression, regular expression). GREP searches for patterns in the text whose exact makeup isn't known. For example, say you want to find all words in the text that are spelled with "ue" instead of the umlaut 'ü' (a common German-keyboard workaround, since it's an ASCII substitute for the umlaut). However, words like "Quelle" or "aktuell" should be ignored, since they don't actually contain an umlaut. You enter "[^Q]ue[^l]" as the search pattern (the quote marks are, of course, not typed in; they're only there for clarity). "ue" here stands for the umlaut substitute, and the square brackets contain the letters whose appearance should be avoided. In other words: search for all "ue" that have no "Q" before them and no 'l' after them. So '^' is an exclusion character. There is no distinction between upper and lower case. If you now want to find all "ue" that are NOT umlaut substitutes, you can search specifically for "Quelle" or "aktuell" with "[Q]ue[l]", because here the '^' is missing from the brackets. The fundamental problem here, of course, is that you need to know exactly which words match the search pattern and which don't. With this pattern, a word like "Suelze" naturally slips through the net, since here an 'l' follows "ue". So we need to extend the search pattern. We now search for all "ue" without a 'Q' before them and without an 'l' after them, but where a 'z' is allowed after the 'l'. So enter "ue[l][^l]" and hope that "Suelze" now gets found.
A second example: Say you want to find every '/' in your text that has a digit before it and a letter after it. So e.g. "22/BR" but not "138/0.5". The search pattern would then be "[0-9]/[a-z]". Before the '/' only digits are allowed, after it only letters. A second solution would be ":d/:a". Explained below.
A third example: Say you want to find all words that start with a digit. E.g. "7UP". Since a space is expected before it, the search pattern would then be ": [0-9]".
A fourth example: Say you want to find all punctuation marks at the end of a line, e.g. a full stop marking the end of a sentence, '.'. Enter "\.$". Bear in mind that '.' is a special character and has to be quoted. The '$' character stands for the end of the line, and of course must also come at the end of the regular expression. If you want to find all punctuation marks at the end of a line, enter "[,;.:!?]$". (This is in fact not a comic-book swear word!)
NOTE: The quote marks before and after the examples are of course not typed in; they're only there for clarity within this documentation.
The regular expression describes the pattern being searched for. There is no distinction between upper and lower case. For technical reasons, the search capabilities don't match the full feature set of the UNIX* program GREP.
Here is a list of the special characters that let you formulate fairly precise search criteria:
'.' The dot stands for any character.
'^' The caret stands for the start of a line (implemented, but not
functional; still has to be quoted though, see below).
'$' The dollar sign stands for the end of a line.
'\' The backslash quotes any character. To display the '.'
character itself, write "\."; likewise "\\", "\^", "\$".
Special characters generally have to be quoted.
The colon describes the class of the character being searched
':a' for. It stands for an alphabetic character, ':d' for a digit, ':n' for an alphanumeric character, ':.' for punctuation, ': ' for a space.
'*' If a character is followed by a '*', it means that the
preceding character may not appear at all, or may repeat any
number of times.
"fo*" finds "f", "fo", "foo", "fooo" etc.
'+' Like '*', but the preceding character must appear at least
once.
"fo+" finds "fo", "foo", "fooo" etc.
'[]' Character set.
A string in square brackets stands for exactly these
characters, and no others. If the first character is a '^',
these characters are excluded from the search instead. E.g.:
"[xyz]" matches "xx" and "zyx", while "[^xyz]" matches "abc"
but not "axb". A character range can be given with '-'. Note
that [a-z] matches every alphabetic character, but [z-a]
matches no alphabetic character at all. Digits are given with
[0-9]. Restrictions are also possible here, e.g. [7-9] (i.e.
only 7, 8, 9). The same applies to letters, e.g. [m-z], or
[^a-bd-z?] only matches the letter 'c', all digits, and
special characters except '?'. The order of the characters
within the brackets doesn't matter.
You can look these special characters and their meanings up again in the help box, in case you're ever not quite sure of them.
NOTE: Special characters are not given special interpretation within a character set; the caret '^' is only treated as negation when it appears directly at the start of the character set (i.e. directly after the '['). The '$' is only evaluated correctly when it appears in the very last position. '^' for the start of a line is implemented, but not functional, because after a match within a line, the search continues further along, and so the GREP function is fooled into thinking there's a new start of line.
Combining regular expressions again produces a regular expression.
NOTE: Searching with regular expressions isn't trivial and takes a certain amount of practice. It can also happen that certain expressions can't be found because you can't formulate a search pattern for them. So GREP isn't "all-finding" either.
5.2. The Match function. This function will be familiar above all to MS-DOS users, since it searches using wildcards, mainly '*' and '?'. Say you have a parts list with item numbers in front of you, and you want to find all the numbers that are typical of a particular component group, e.g. 99XXX450, where XXX stands for any three digits. So you enter "99???450" as the search pattern. There's a special catch here though. This search pattern actually assumes that nothing else but "99???450" is on the line. Since we expect more characters on the line, though, we need to allow for further arbitrary characters before and after the item number. So we extend the search pattern to the form "*99???450*". The asterisks before and after the item number stand for any number of any characters. So the wildcards are '?' for any one character and '*' for any number of characters. If you specifically want to search for '*' or '?' themselves, you need to change the wildcards. You can do this in the input fields for the universal and existential quantifiers. Here, the quantifiers themselves must not occur in the text being searched for. You can also search for text at the start of a line, as well as at its end, if you restrict the quantifiers accordingly. To search for the item number at the start of the line, enter "99???450*". At the end of the line it would correspondingly be "*99???450". Here too a bit of practice helps. The quote marks before and after the examples are of course not typed in; they're only there for clarity within this documentation.
NOTE on GREP and MATCH: As a general rule with these functions, replacing with other letter combinations isn't possible, because the exact length of the search pattern can't be precisely determined, and this could lead to rather chaotic replacements that completely mangle the text. So the wildcard functions are intended for searching only.
5.3. Search. Here the search pattern has to match exactly, as usual. Only with this function is a replace also possible. You have the option of searching, or replacing, from the current cursor position, from the start of the text, or within a marked block. The settings are made with the tickable checkboxes. If a particular combination isn't possible, the corresponding checkboxes become "DISABLED", so you can't select them.
5.4. Replace This swaps the found text passage for the replacement. If you want to delete several words this way, just enter nothing as the replacement, i.e. an empty string. If you want to replace everything at once, choose the "all" button. With the "confirm" setting, you're asked before every single replace whether you agree to it. A dialog box also shows the replacement string, which can still be changed individually. This lets you replace the found text with different text each time. 6. The print menus
There are two different print menus. One for the visual layout of the printed page, e.g. headers and footers, and one for the technical printing aspects.
6.1 Page layout
You can set the following parameters for the sheet size:
1. Line length (determines the position of the header/footer) 2. Left margin (e.g. binding margin) 3. Sheet length (12" = 72 lines, DIN A4 = 70 lines, 11" = 66 lines) 4. Top margin (unprinted) 5. Header (see below) 6. Footer (see below) 7. Bottom margin (unprinted)
Gives: the number of printable lines at six lines per 2.54mm.
To design the text, you can change the header, footer and sheet size within wide limits. For headers and footers you can use variables, just as with the function keys:
%h = hour %m = minute %s = second %T = day %M = month %J = year (2 digits) %W = weekday (Sunday, Monday, ...) %D = day of the year %F = full path name of the current file %f = name of the current file %p = page number
The header or footer is positioned using the round buttons.
The help box shows you these variables, in case you're ever not quite sure of them. You can also decide whether the header or footer should appear on the left, centre or right of the page. Here, because of page numbering, it's always assumed that you're designing the right-hand, odd-numbered page. Under "Page format" you can set the size of the printer paper. You'll certainly find that different tasks need different layout settings. So that you don't have to set everything up again each time, you can save layouts and load them again later. You should save the file names with the extension "LAY" so that you can find them quickly. When opening "Page layout...", 7UP tries to load the file 7UP.LAY to set the default parameters. So if you have a standard setting, you should save it under the name 7UP.LAY. It is, however, only loaded the first time "Page layout..." is opened. The name of the layout file is shown in the box at the top right.
6.2 Print
Once you've set the layout of your document, you can start printing. Set "Numbering", "Pages" and "Options" as you'd like.
"Numbering"
1. XXXX PAGE NUMBER OFFSET
If you split texts into smaller blocks, you can set the page number offset so that the numbering is continuous.
2. XXXX FIRST PRINT PAGE 3. XXXX LAST PRINT PAGE
Specifies the pages you want to print.
4. XXX FIRST TEXT COLUMN 5. XXX LAST TEXT COLUMN
Specifies the text columns from which, and up to which, you want to print. Useful if you e.g. want to print a vertical column of numbers as a text excerpt.
"Options" is for configuring the CALCLOCK spooler.
1. PRINT TO FILE...
The print output is redirected to a file. The FSB automatically suggests a name. This function is useful if you want to see how the text will look without using paper.
2. PRINT IN BACKGROUND
7UP can have files printed in the background via the CALCLOCK desk accessory. CALCLOCK.ACC must be installed for this. See CALCLOCK.DOC.
3. DELETE SPOOL FILE
CALCLOCK creates a temporary file for this, which should (or can) be deleted again after printing.
4. XX COPIES
XX is the number of copies of a document that you can have printed automatically via CALCLOCK.
Under "Page format" you can set the layout of the whole text.
1. HEADER AND FOOTER ON FIRST PAGE
If you don't want a header and footer on the first page, you need to switch this off here.
2. LEFT AND RIGHT HEADER/FOOTER ALTERNATING BY PAGE
Depending on whether you're printing an even or odd page, the position of the header or footer is swapped, if it's set to left or right.
3. SHORTEN LINES THAT ARE TOO LONG
To avoid a line wrap caused by the printer, which could otherwise throw off the layout, you can shorten lines that are too long.
4. PRINT ALL PAGES 5. PRINT EVEN PAGES ONLY 6. PRINT ODD PAGES ONLY
If you want to print on both sides of your printer paper, you can set here whether to print even or odd pages only.
7. FORM FEED AT END OF TEXT
If no footers are being printed, the form feed on the last printed page can be skipped, e.g. for listings.
8. PAUSE AFTER EVERY PAGE
Waits, in single-sheet mode, for a new sheet to be inserted. You can also end the print job at this point.
The print job can be ended by pressing the ESC key. The help box explains the most important details once again.
Try "printing" this user manual into a file sometime. Use the formatting options for this and take a look at the result with the text preview function. Give the file name with %f as the header and the page number with %p as the footer. Set the header and footer, top and bottom margin, and left margin to three lines/columns. Set at least the footer (page number) to the right. The sheet length depends on the paper size: 72 lines for 12" paper, 70 lines for DIN A4, and 66 lines for 11" paper. In "Print...", under "Options" set "print to file...". Under "Pages" switch off point 1) and switch on point 2). Once you've set everything up, click "OK". The name of the temporary file is already suggested automatically by 7UP. You can still change it in the FSB if you want to.
7. The desktop icons
The following icons are available on the desktop background:
1. up to seven text icons 2. the wastebasket 3. the printer 4. the disk drive 5. the clipboard
The icons can be freely positioned. Moving the icons works exactly like on the desktop. With the rubber-band selection you can select several icons as a group. If you hold down the Shift key while clicking, you can also select several icons. Icons respond to single and double clicks. With a single click you can use the menu items in "File" that are enabled for the relevant icon, e.g. "Information". Double-clicking an icon corresponds to an Open. This only works with file icons, however. Double-clicking any other icon is acknowledged with a corresponding message. If you drag a file icon onto the printer, the wastebasket, or the disk drive, the corresponding action is triggered, and its function is self-explanatory. If you drag a file icon onto the clipboard icon, the whole text is copied to the clipboard. Here too, extending the clipboard by holding down one of the Shift keys works. If you drag a file icon onto a window, the file is added just as with "Load additional...", provided the file already exists on disk. If you drag the clipboard icon onto the topmost window, the contents of the clipboard are inserted at the current cursor position. If you drag it onto the printer, it gets printed; if you drag it onto the wastebasket, it gets deleted. Double-clicking the clipboard opens the clipboard file and displays it in a window. It can be edited completely normally. Double-clicking the printer lets you choose a disk file to print via the spooler. Double-clicking the wastebasket lets you choose a disk file to delete. You can also use the usual wildcards '*' and '?' here. "*.TXT" deletes all files with the extension "TXT". "*.*" deletes all files, so please be very careful. There are many possibilities here, which you're best off trying out for yourself. When running 7UP under multitasking, you should log the desktop off. How to do that, and what it means, please read in chapter 2.1. It's clear that icon operations are then no longer possible.
8. The GEM windows
All texts are displayed in a perfectly normal GEM window. The windows are operated in the familiar way. The name in the text window is taken over at "Save as..", so that the next "Save" action always goes to the current file. The info line shows the following information:
1. possibly the program name (when running 7UP without the desktop) 2. possibly '*', showing whether the text has been edited 3. current page (depends on the page layout) 4. current line 5. current column 6. length of the line the cursor is on 7. tab stop 8. line wrap 9. state of the Caps Lock key
If you want to switch quickly between windows, just press the '^W' shortcut. This always brings the next window to the front. You can arrange the open windows via the Window menu.
8.1. The dialog boxes
The dialog boxes behave slightly differently from the standard. All radio buttons, checkboxes, and some normal buttons too, can be reached via the keyboard using the Alternate key together with the underlined letter. Besides that, the text next to radio buttons and checkboxes is also recognised as a clickable area. You can reach the "Cancel" button via "Undo", and "Help" via the Help key. You'll find this extra convenience in other programs too, and it has by now become something of a new standard. Oh, and if the dialog boxes ever block your view of the text, you can simply move them aside like normal windows, by clicking the mouse into the dog-ear and dragging the box. If you hold down the Shift key during this action, the dialog box becomes see-through, and you can see the background again. Boxes that have been moved are centred back to the middle of the screen when reopened by pressing the Shift key.
9. The clipboard
This is a special chapter that needs a more detailed description. The clipboard is a folder, preferably on the root directory of your hard drive's boot partition, or on the floppy disk in drive A:. Cut or copied data of any kind, in this case text, can and should be placed in this folder, so that it can be used further by your own or another program. The folder is called: \CLIPBRD. If you now click the menu item, all cut and copy actions are redirected to this folder, or rather to the file SCRAP.TXT within it. Likewise, all paste actions are then carried out from that file. Example: "to clipboard" is switched on and a text block is marked. The "Cut" action removes the block from the text and saves it in the file \CLIPBRD\SCRAP.TXT on disk. If you now choose "Paste", the above-mentioned file is inserted at the current cursor position. This can of course also be done without the clipboard. But there is a small but nice difference. 7UP's clipboard handling can be additive, i.e. 7UP can extend the file \CLIPBRD\SCRAP.TXT. You achieve this by holding down one of the Shift keys while saving. In that case, all marked, cut or copied blocks are appended to the already-existing file \CLIPBRD\SCRAP.TXT. Afterwards, you can insert the whole file at the current cursor position. If you don't hold down either of these special keys, the file \CLIPBRD\SCRAP.TXT is simply overwritten each time. On top of that, the clipboard also fulfils a, admittedly simple, kind of Undo function. A block area deleted with block operations isn't lost yet, and can be pasted back in. The same applies to deleting a line with CONTROL-Y. It can be undone with UNDO, provided the cursor is still on that line. If the \CLIPBRD folder doesn't exist, it's created automatically by 7UP and registered with GEM; you don't need to worry about it. Owners of an Atari ST without a hard drive will have to accept a certain loss of speed, though. In general, using a hard drive is recommended, which of course goes without saying on other computers too. If the clipboard isn't active, all cut or copied blocks/lines are buffered in RAM and can be pasted back in. 10. Technical details
For experts, and those who want to become one.
10.1 7UP is able to receive parameters in three different ways.
1. In the conventional way, via the basepage. 2. Using the so-called EXARG method (ARGV=). 3. Via 'shell_read()'.
Up to seven parameters can be passed at once. If the desktop allows it, you can drag up to seven text files onto 7UP's icon at once, and start 7UP with them.
10.2 7UP is able to communicate with the CALCLOCK desk accessory. CALCLOCK has a built-in print spooler that's able to print ASCII text in the background. The protocol standardised by DRI is used for this.
Sending the file name to the ACC:
accid=appl_find("CALCLOCK"); /* program ID */
msgbuf[0]=100; /* send code */
msgbuf[1]=gl_apid; /* own apid */
msgbuf[2]=-1;
msgbuf[3]=strlen(filename);
msgbuf[4]=(unsigned int)((long)filename >> 16);
msgbuf[5]=(unsigned int)((long)filename & 0xffff);
msgbuf[6]=1; /* number of copies */
msgbuf[7]=0; /* After printing: 0=don't delete, 1=delete */
appl_write(accid,16,msgbuf);
The filename must be static. It must not be created locally on the stack. Dynamically allocated variables are likewise problematic, because at least one event must be waited for before they may be "freed" again.
On successful receipt, CALCLOCK sends message 101 in msgbuf[0].
10.3 7UP supports (AMC)GDOS*. If GDOS* is loaded, fonts can be loaded on demand. However, only non-proportional fonts can be used. When the computer starts, (AMC)GDOS must be in the AUTO folder, and ASSIGN.SYS in the root directory of the boot partition. You can get GDOS or AMC-GDOS from Atari, or from public bulletin boards. GDOS is not included with 7UP. (AMC)GDOS is an operating system extension that's able to load device drivers. With the help of (AMC)GDOS, a program can produce device-independent output, e.g. to the screen or printer, or so-called GDOS fonts can be loaded on demand. These fonts are located in the directory given under "PATH=..." in ASSIGN.SYS. Thanks to a lack of support for GDOS from software vendors, GDOS isn't very widespread. Installing it is, as a rule, also quite troublesome, since it takes some experience, and the documentation is hard for computer beginners to follow. There are also frequently problems when several programs need different GDOS installations. Here is an example ASSIGN.SYS file, which GDOS reads at boot time. The GEM fonts and printer drivers are listed in this file.
- Example of an ASSIGN.SYS file as it might run under 7UP
PATH=C:\GEMSYS\ ; all fonts are in this directory 01p screen.sys ; Default screen ATSS08.FNT ; proportional fonts for the screen ATSS10.FNT ATSS12.FNT ATSS18.FNT ATSS24.FNT ATTR08.FNT ATTR10.FNT ATTR12.FNT ATTR18.FNT ATTR24.FNT ATTP10.FNT RUFUS05.FNT ; non-proportional fonts RUFUS12.FNT ; " RUFUS09.FNT ; " RUFUS10.FNT ; " BAGE08.FNT BAGE09.FNT BAGB09.FNT 02p screen.sys ; low ST resolution (320*200) ATSS08.FNT ATSS10.FNT ATSS12.FNT ATSS18.FNT ATSS24.FNT ATTR08.FNT ATTR10.FNT ATTR12.FNT ATTR18.FNT ATTR24.FNT ATTP10.FNT RUFUS05.FNT ; non-proportional fonts RUFUS12.FNT ; " RUFUS09.FNT ; " RUFUS10.FNT ; " BAGE08.FNT BAGE09.FNT BAGB09.FNT 03p screen.sys ; medium ST resolution (640*200) ATSS08.FNT ATSS10.FNT ATSS12.FNT ATSS18.FNT ATSS24.FNT ATTR08.FNT ATTR10.FNT ATTR12.FNT ATTR18.FNT ATTR24.FNT ATTP10.FNT RUFUS05.FNT ; non-proportional fonts RUFUS12.FNT ; " RUFUS09.FNT ; " RUFUS10.FNT ; " BAGE08.FNT BAGE09.FNT BAGB09.FNT 04p screen.sys ; high ST resolution (640*400) ATSS08.FNT ATSS10.FNT ATSS12.FNT ATSS18.FNT ATSS24.FNT ATTR08.FNT ATTR10.FNT ATTR12.FNT ATTR18.FNT ATTR24.FNT ATTP10.FNT RUFUS05.FNT ; non-proportional fonts RUFUS12.FNT ; " RUFUS09.FNT ; " RUFUS10.FNT ; " BAGE08.FNT BAGE09.FNT BAGB09.FNT 06p screen.sys ; medium TT resolution (640*480) ATSS08.FNT ATSS10.FNT ATSS12.FNT ATSS18.FNT ATSS24.FNT ATTR08.FNT ATTR10.FNT ATTR12.FNT ATTR18.FNT ATTR24.FNT ATTP10.FNT RUFUS05.FNT ; non-proportional fonts RUFUS12.FNT ; " RUFUS09.FNT ; " RUFUS10.FNT ; " BAGE08.FNT BAGE09.FNT BAGB09.FNT 08p screen.sys ; high TT resolution (1280*960) ATSS08.FNT ATSS10.FNT ATSS12.FNT ATSS18.FNT ATSS24.FNT ATTR08.FNT ATTR10.FNT ATTR12.FNT ATTR18.FNT ATTR24.FNT ATTP10.FNT RUFUS05.FNT ; non-proportional fonts RUFUS12.FNT ; " RUFUS09.FNT ; " RUFUS10.FNT ; " BAGE08.FNT BAGE09.FNT BAGB09.FNT 09p screen.sys ; low TT resolution (320*480) ATSS08.FNT ATSS10.FNT ATSS12.FNT ATSS18.FNT ATSS24.FNT ATTR08.FNT ATTR10.FNT ATTR12.FNT ATTR18.FNT ATTR24.FNT ATTP10.FNT RUFUS05.FNT ; non-proportional fonts RUFUS12.FNT ; " RUFUS09.FNT ; " RUFUS10.FNT ; " BAGE08.FNT BAGE09.FNT BAGB09.FNT 21 HP_LJET.SYS ; printer driver ATSS08LS.FNT ; fonts for the printer ATSS10LS.FNT ATSS12LS.FNT ATSS18LS.FNT ATSS24LS.FNT ATTR08LS.FNT ATTR10LS.FNT ATTR12LS.FNT ATTR18LS.FNT ATTR24LS.FNT 31 META.SYS ; metafile driver ATSS08MF.FNT ; metafile pseudo-fonts ATSS10MF.FNT ATSS12MF.FNT ATSS18MF.FNT ATSS24MF.FNT ATTR08MF.FNT ATTR10MF.FNT ATTR12MF.FNT ATTR18MF.FNT ATTR24MF.FNT
FSMGDOS is due out later in 1991. It gives us vector fonts, whose quality is meant to put competing products on other computers in the shade. These vector fonts will be freely scalable. Let's hope that the new FSMGDOS from Atari brings some order to the chaos in future, and gets supported by all software packages. 7UP will support FSMGDOS, once it makes technical sense to do so.
10.4 7UP doesn't patch any vectors, and therefore has no XBRA signature either.
10.5 7UP has been modified accordingly for running on the TT, i.e. the FASTLOAD and TT RAM flags are set appropriately.
10.6 7UP solves the problem of a DeskJet printer that's switched on after the fact, via "Ongibit(32)".
11. The Turbo-C Help accessory
7UP supports the "Turbo-C Help Accessory". Mark a C keyword and press the HELP key. For exactly how to operate TC_HELP.ACC, please see that program's own manual. TC_HELP.ACC also supports the GEM clipboard, incidentally, so you can bring the help texts or programming examples over into your own text. This is a good example of trouble-free data exchange with the GEM clipboard, the way it really should always work. TC_HELP.ACC is not included with 7UP, but may be freely copied and used. You can find TC_HELP.ACC on public bulletin boards, for example.
12. Tips and tricks
Tab stops: If you open a file that has tabs in it, the appearance may not match what you expect, because the file's tab width differs from 7UP's default (3). The tabs won't be expanded correctly. To get around this, simply open a new, empty file, and load the file in question as a block, having first set the tab width to the value you need. Repeat this little exercise until the text looks correctly expanded. In practice, tab widths of 3, 5 and 8 tend to be used.
INF file: If you like, you can write-protect the file 7UP.INF, so that changes are no longer saved.
Printer: If you're running a Hewlett Packard DeskJet 500, you should disable perforation skip (DIP switch A8) (UP position). Hold down the Shift key when printing a block if you want the page to be ejected immediately afterwards.
In general, it's a good idea to load texts with the Shift key held down, to get a 'ß' usable by compatible printers. See chapter 2, "Open...".
If you have problems with automatic page breaks, you can create a hard page break yourself by inserting form feeds (FF). However, the FF must be the FIRST AND ONLY CHARACTER on the line. This form feed isn't yet taken into account in the page count in the window's info line, though.
13. Four words
Here are four words.
14. Thanks
Wishing you a lot of enjoyment working with 7UP, Michael Thänitz
- GEM is a trademark of Digital Research Inc.
- GEMINI is a shareware program by Gereon Steffens and Stefan Eissing.
- GDOS is a trademark of Atari Corp.
- AMCGDOS is a program by Arndt Beißner.
- UNIX is a trademark of AT&T.
- MultiGEM is a program by PAM-Software.
- IBM is a trademark of International Business Machines Corp.
Back to Text editors